• These are very quick movements of the spinal joints from a skilled practitioner that typically elicits an audible “click or clicks”. These are used on spinal joints to restore mobility and/or reduce pain and are used by certain Physiotherapists, though Chiropractors & Osteopaths are generally more associated with this approach. Physiotherapists skilled in manipulation, like Geoff Foat, acquire this skill through postgraduate training.
• The goal of manipulation is targeted joint mobility and NOT alignment (zero evidence exists for this), in order to reduce pain and restore mobility. Examples include lower back or neck pain.
• Manipulation is never a ‘fix-all’ approach and is NEVER an isolated approach. It should only be applied when clinically necessary and safe.
• Other terms for manipulation include: SMT, Manips, HVLA (High Velocity Low Amplitude), Grade 5 Mobilization, or Adjustment (the term used by Chiropractors).

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